Absolute majority of cases are asymptomatic or result in mild flu-like symptoms fever, dry cough, joint pain, general fatigue. There are so many registered asymptomatic cases that many believe that the true number of infected with SARS-CoV-2 is much greater than what is known from official sources. Most people simply get infected, do not develop any symptoms and do not even know that they carry the disease however, it is currently unclear if they transmit it.
Much fewer cases result in more severe symptoms, such as the loss of smell and taste to having difficulty breathing, chest pain, nausea and diarrhea. Rare cases lead to complications like pneumonia and organ failure, resulting in death. The absolute majority of severe cases and fatalities accrue to the patients over 70 years of age. Fatality rates among people under 40 are generally about 0.
Younger people dying of COVID are almost uniformly reported to have been suffering from other serious conditions, most often heart disease, hypertension, diabetes, cancer and obesity.
Although the chances of surviving the disease are high, we have been dealing with it for too short a time to make any conclusions about its long-term effects on survivors. However, there is already some ground for alarm — severe cases of the disease were reported to cause heart, liver and kidney damage, and some of those who recovered from it showed signs of 20 to 30 percent drop in lung capacity. One of the aspects of the new disease that is seemingly hard to explain is how different are its mortality rates in different countries.
For example, in China, the first country hit by the virus, it is about 4 percent, while in Italy, a country widely considered to have one of the best healthcare systems in the world, it is staggering 11 percent. However, the situation becomes clearer once we start considering that we live in a real world, not an idealized simulation.
Data about this case does not magically appear in a database. Testing policies and capabilities differ from country to country. China took considerable effort to contain the disease from its early days, and widespread testing was one of the main strategies. Italy, on the contrary, did not consider itself under severe risk. As a result, most people who get infected but do not develop severe symptoms are advised to stay at home and are not tested at all.
Most tests refer to the patients who were admitted to hospitals. It is no wonder that the official percentage of those who die from the disease is going to be high.
Considering the speed with which the new coronavirus spreads, it would not be surprising if hundreds of thousands have already been infected and got well without ever realizing they were sick in the first place.
Currently, there is no treatment for this disease, and all that medical professionals can do is provide supportive therapy to those who develop severe symptoms. Generally, it turns out to be quite effective — however, the main danger lies in the limited throughput capabilities of healthcare systems across the world.
A small percentage of coronavirus disease patients become unable to breathe on their own and need intensive care and mechanical ventilation. Ventilators are highly complex devices that only work in conjunction with other intensive care equipment and require attention of trained specialists. As a result, if a huge number of people get infected over a short period, the medical system of a country can simply be unable to cope with the spike in the number of patients requiring this treatment.
During the outbreak in Italy, many hospitals did not have the necessary number of ventilators, and doctors literally had to decide whom they could help and whom they had to let die. As healthcare systems of developed countries are optimized for an average number of patients with each specific disease they have to deal with, they are not ready for such spikes. While COVID is much less lethal than many other diseases, humanity as a whole does not have an immunity against it, which means that it spreads rapidly and is very hard to contain.
As a result, its main danger lies not in the severity of individual cases, but in their sheer number. However, those were quickly contained and did not result in nearly the same number of infections and deaths. Detailed information about the use of cookies on this website is available by clicking on more information.
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